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Gene overexpression is the process which leads to the abundant target protein expression subsequently. The process may be in the cell where the gene is originally located or in other expression systems. The fundamental principle is to add regulatory elements to the upstream of the target gene through artificial construction, so that genes can be transcribed and translated efficiently under controlled conditions. There are two general purposes of gene overexpression. On the one hand, we can obtain a large number of target gene products. The target gene products can be used in research or production, such as studying information of 3D structure of proteins and preparing insulin by fermentation technology. On the other hand, we can study the biological function of target gene products through gene overexpression.